Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a condition that occurs when you travel to high altitudes too quickly causing your body to struggle with low oxygen levels. The body cannot adapt quickly to low oxygen levels and reduced air pressures at high altitudes, leading to a variety of symptoms even if you’re in good health.
Symptoms of Altitude Sickness
As you reach higher altitudes, the body needs time to acclimate properly and if it doesn’t, symptoms of altitude sickness develop;
Headache
Nausea
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Vomiting
Dizziness
Difficulty sleeping
Chest pain or tightness
Confusion
Complications of Altitude Sickness
If left untreated it can lead to serious complications such as HAPE and HACE. The symptoms of both the conditions are below;
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
Fluid buildup in lungs
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Frothy or bloody sputum
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
Brain swelling
Ataxia
Confusion
Reduced level of consciousness
Risk factors of Altitude Sickness
Previous episode Individuals who have had altitude sickness before, may become prone to developing it again.
Rapid Ascent Climbing or travelling to high altitudes are more likely to cause altitude sickness, because the body doesn’t get adequate time to adjust.
Physical exertion Strenuous activities at high altitude increase the likelihood of developing symptoms of altitude sickness.
Underlying health conditions People with heart or lung conditions may be more susceptible to altitude sickness.
Prevention of Altitude Sickness
Here are some key strategies to prevent Altitude Sickness;
Ascend Slowly
Ascend to higher altitudes slowly, allowing your body to acclimate to low oxygen levels. Aim at no more than 300-500 metres per day
Stay Hydrated
Drinking plenty of water helps avoid dehydration which can exacerbate symptoms of altitude sickness
Limit alcohol & smoking
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and smoking, as they can dehydrate your body and increase your risk of altitude sickness
Rest
While ascending high altitudes, take breaks. Plan rest days every 3-4 days to allow your body to adjust
Monitor your health
Stay aware of your body’s signals, it’s important to take action quickly to avoid complications
Medications
Consider taking first-line medications such as acetazolamide to prevent altitude sickness
Medication for Altitude Sickness
The recommended medicine for Altitude Sickness is Acetazolamide
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